j  C  o  untry 
and  Suburban 

HOmES* 


j 


Kausiine 


Iron 

Septic  Tanks 


This  septic  tank  made  by  Kaustine  of  genuine 
Armco  Ingot  Iron  —  is  a  product  you 
can  unconditionally  recom¬ 
mend  and  endorse. 


av'RY  tIBRAW 
COLUMBIA  Ur’i/ERStTY 


Ka us  line 


The  Advantages  of 
Kaustine  Septic  Tanks 


HE  advantages  of  Kaustine  Sep- 


X  ticTank installationscanscarcely 
be  estimated.  They  remove  the  last 
barrier  to  comfortable  living  in  the 
sections  not  served  by  city  sewers. 

Now,  with  a  Kaustine  Armco  Ingot 
Iron  Septic  Tank  properly  installed 
all  household  wastes  are  taken  care  of 
just  as  satisfactorily  as  could  be  pos¬ 
sible  with  city  sewers,  and  families 
can  live  in  rural  or  suburban  districts 
safe  in  the  knowledge  that  their  sur¬ 
roundings  are  both  healthful  and  sani¬ 
tary. 


IN  THE  SUBURBS — or  in  the  country  — 
Kaustine  Septic  Tanks  are  an  inexpensive 
solution  of  your  sewage  disposal  problem. 
With  a  Kaustine  installation  you  can  have  all 
the  conveniences  of  a  modern  city  home. 


3 


Ka us  line 


How  Kaustine  Septic 
Tanks  Operate 


HE  problem  in  sewage  disposal 


A  is  the  removal  of  the  organic 
matter  and  the  harmful  bacteria  pres¬ 
ent.  Kaustine  Septic  Tanks  are  made 
to  perform  this  service  according  to 
scientific  principles. 

Sewage  consists  of  a  small  amount 
of  organic  matter  in  a  large  amount 
of  water — in  the  ratio  of  about  2  parts 
of  solid  matter  to  998  parts  of  water. 

Two  processes  take  place  in  a  sep¬ 
tic  tank — the  settling  of  the  heavy 
solids  to  the  bottom  of  the  tank  and 


A  KAUSTINE  SEPTIC  TANK  takes  care  of 
every  household  need — the  bathroom, 
lavatory,  toilet,  sink,  and  laundry — and  the 
cost  is  surprisingly  low.  Even  for  schools,  fac¬ 
tories,  camps  and  entire  communities  the  cost 
is  moderate. 


-1 


Kausline 


the  risingof  the  lighter  to  the  surface; 
and  the  hiological  or  bacterial  action 
by  which  the  solid  matter  which  has 
been  settled  out  is  changed  from  a 
solid  state  into  its  component  parts  of 
liquid  and  gas.  This  breaking-down 
process  is  known  as  septic  action. 

The  processof  disintegration  known 
as  anaerobic  decomposition  is  brought 
about  by  the  bacteria  working  in  the 
absence  of  air.  During  the  breaking- 
down  process  of  the  more  complex 
organic  matter  into  its  simpler  forms  a 
gas  is  formed,  and  the  gas  bubbles  ris¬ 
ing  to  the  surface  carry  with  them 
small  particles  of  solid  matter  which, 
added  to  the  greasy  wastes,  forms  the 
floating  scum.  This  scum  tends  to 
assist  in  excluding  air  from  the 


KAUSTINE  SEPTIC  TANK  installations  per- 
.  fectly  meet  modern  sanitary  requirements. 
They  are  endorsed  by  health  authorities,  archi¬ 
tects,  and  plumbers  everywhere.  Moreover, 
Kaustine  Tanks  are  inexpensive  to  buy  and 
easy  to  install. 


5 


Kaustine 


sewage.  On  account  of  the  bacterial 
action  on  the  solid  matter  at  the  bot¬ 
tom  of  the  tank,  not  only  is  its  char¬ 
acter  changed  but  its  volume  is  con¬ 
siderably  reduced.  Therefore,  years 
pass  before  the  amount  accumulated 
at  the  bottom  of  the  tank  is  sufficient 
to  interfere  with  the  clarification  of 
the  liquid. 

In  addition  to  the  septic  tank  treat¬ 
ment,  dilution  or  absorption  must  be 
provided  for  final  disposal.  Hence, 
the  laying  of  parallel  lines  of  porous 
tile  with  open  joints,  as  shown  on  sub¬ 
sequent  pages,  is  the  final  step  in  a 
Kaustine  Septic  Tank  installation. 


REMEMBER — Kaustine  Septic  Tanks  are  the 
-  only  septic  tanks  made  of  genuine  Armco 
Ingot  Iron  to  protect  you  against  deterioration 
and  possible  property  damage.  You  can  always 
be  sure  of  Kaustine  quality — it  is  the  standard 
of  septic  tanks. 


6 


Kcins  line 


Pioneers  in  Sewage 


Disposal 


HE  Kaustine  Company  Inc.  has 


X  always  played  a  leading  and  rep¬ 
resentative  part  in  the  field  of  sewage 
disposal. 

The  first  to  manufacture  a  metal 
septic  tank,  the  members  of  this 
organization  have  been  thoroughly 
awake  to  the  present-day  require¬ 
ments  and  to  the  latest  developments 
in  the  art  of  sewage  disposal.  And 
now,  after  years  of  investigation  and 
experiment,  the  Kaustine  SepticTank 
is  produced  as  a  finished  product — 
constructed  according  to  the  latest 
scientific  developments  and  from 
materials  whose  quality  is  nationally 
recognized. 


KAUSTINE  SEPTIC  TANKS  are  the  product 
.  of  years  of  investigation  and  experiment 
by  sanitation  engineers.  They  are  scientifically 
designed  for  satisfactory  performance,  and  the 
services  of  Kaustine  Sanitation  Engineers  are 
available  always. 


7 


Xausline 


At  a  considerable  increase  in  manu¬ 
facturing  cost,  Kaustine  Company 
Inc.  have  adopted  the  use  of  Armco 
Ingot  Iron  (a  product  of  the  American 
Rolling  Mill  Company)  exclusively  in 
its  tank  construction.  Long  recog¬ 
nized  as  the  worthy  opponent  of  rust, 
Armco  Ingot  Iron  insures  to  users  of 
Kaustine  equipment  the  longest  life 
of  any  metal  used  in  septic  tank  con¬ 
struction. 

Commercially  pure  iron  such  as 
Armco  Ingot  Iron  outlasts  steel,  even 
though  steel  be  covered  with  a  pro¬ 
tective  coating  ot  zinc.  The  reason 
for  this  lasting  quality  is  that  Armco 
Ingot  Iron  in  the  course  of  its  manu¬ 
facture  is  freed  as  far  as  is  practicable 
of  the  impurities  and  gases  which 
shorten  the  life  of  sheet  metal.  Armco 
Ingot  Iron  never  contains  more — and 


Kaustine  septic  tanks  cost  no  more 

.  than  ordinary  septic  tanks.  Yet  there  is 
no  other  septic  tank  you  can  buy  that  is  made 
of  the  same  high-grade  materials,  or  that  has 
the  same  high  standard  of  quality,  or  that  is  so 
highly  respected. 


Kcms  line 


generally  less — than  x/§  of  one  per 
cent  of  the  usual  impurities;  99.84%  is 
the  standard  of  comparison  of  the  pu¬ 
rity  of  Armco  Ingot  Iron  against  that  of 
the  other  sheet  metals  on  the  market. 

Durability  of  materials  is  consid¬ 
ered  of  vital  importance  in  eaves- 
troughs,  spouting  and  similar  work 
where  inspection  and  supervision  can 
be  maintained.  Surely,  it  is  of  vastly 
greater  importance  in  septic  tanks 
placed  beneath  the  surface  of  the 
ground.  In  adopting  Armco  Ingot 
Iron,  therefore,  the  Kaustine  Com¬ 
pany  protects  on  the  one  hand  the 
plumber  making  the  installation 
against  dissatisfaction  on  the  part  of 
his  client,  and  on  the  other  the  user 
against  deterioration  which  may  ulti¬ 
mately  result  in  life  and  property 
damage. 


IN  ADDITION  to  being  made  of  Armco  Ingot 
Iron,  recognized  for  many  years  as  the 
standard  in  its  field,  Kaustine  Septic  Tanks 
are  enameled  inside  and  out  with  Hermastic 
Enamel — an  added  precaution  against  rust  and 
deterioration. 


9 


Kg  us  line 


Kaustine  Armco  Ingot  Iron  Septic  Tanks  embody  in 
their  manufacture  not  only  original  ideas  of  design  but 
also  special  materials.  The  design  promotes  to  a  greater 
degree  the  breaking  down  of  the  more  complex  organic 
matters  into  simpler  forms.  The  special  materials  are 
the  use  of  Armco  Ingot  Iron  exclusively  in  the  manu¬ 
facture  of  the  tank,  and  the  coating  of  all  tanks  inside 
and  outside  with  Hermastic  Enamel.  The  top  is  easily 
removable  so  that  access  can  be  had  at  any  time  to  the 
interior.  Numbers  62  and  63  are  vertical  tanks  designed 
to  serve  home  installations  of  seven  and  ten  persons, 
respectively.  They  are  made  ofNo.  14  gauge  Armco  Iron. 

Number  82 — seven-person  size,  horizontal  type — is 
easy  to  install,  due  to  its  depth  being  only  38".  Access 
to  the  interior  is  provided  by  two  openings,  one  at  each 
end.  This  model,  unlike  Numbers  85,  87,  etc.,  does  not 
have  manhole  extensions,  but  is  provided  with  covers 
that  fit  snugly  to  the  top  of  the  tank  and  are  held  firmly 
in  place  by  bolts. 


Specifications  of  both  types  of  tanks  tabulated  below 

VERTICAL  TANKS 


Catalog 

Net 

Dimensions 

No. 

Gallons 

Diameter — Depth 

Home 

62 

200 

38" x  48" 

7 

63 

320 

48"  x  48" 

10 

HORIZON 


Catalog 

No. 

Net 

Gallons 

Dimensions 
Diameter — Length 

Home 

82 

200 

38" x  48" 

7 

85 

515 

48"  x  72" 

— 

87 

750 

48"  x  100" 

— 

813 

1300 

64"  x  100" 

— 

816 

1600 

64"  x  125" 

— 

820 

2000 

65" x  144" 

— 

825 

2500 

65"  x  180" 

— 

829 

2900 

65"  x  216" 

— 

834 

3400 

65"  x  252" 

— 

839 

3900 

65"  x  288" 

— 

843 

4300 

65"  x  324" 

— 

847 

4700 

65"  x  360" 

— 

851 

5100 

65"  x  396" 

— 

10 


yausline 


Numbers  85,  87,  etc.,  are  horizontal  tanks  adapted 
for  use  where  larger  capacities  are  required.  Numbers 
85  and  87  are  made  of  No.  14  gauge,  Numbers  815  and 
S16  of  No.  12  gauge,  and  Numbers  820,  etc.,  of  2iij" 
(No.  7  gauge)  Armco  Ingot  Iron. 


lumber  of  Persons  Accommodated 

Weight 

Lbs. 

School 

Hotel 

Factory 

8 

12 

15 

260 

12 

20 

25 

330 

ANKS 

umber  of  Persons  Accommodated 

Weight 

Lbs. 

School 

Hotel 

Factory 

8 

12 

15 

260 

25 

35 

40 

415 

37 

50 

60 

560 

65 

85 

110 

1070 

80 

110 

135 

1320 

100 

135 

165 

2100 

125 

170 

210 

2500 

145 

190 

240 

2900 

165 

230 

280 

3300 

195 

260 

325 

3700 

220 

280 

360 

4100 

240 

320 

390 

4500 

260 

340 

425 

4900 

Kcms  line 


Kausline 


Super-Septic  Tanks 

For  installations  where  quality  materials 
plus  improved  design  are  desired,  the  Kaus- 
tine  Super-Septic  Tanks  are  recommended. 
Constructed  of  Armco  Ingot  Iron  through- 


KAUSTINE  SUPER-SEPTIC  j 


Cat. 

No. 

Dimensions 

Total 

Capacity 

Working 

Capacity 

112 

38  x  50" 

245  Gals. 

200  Gals. 

113 

48  x  50" 

:i<J0  Gals. 

320  Gals. 

114 

55  x  60" 

615  Gals. 

535  Gals. 

115 

65  x  60" 

860  Gals. 

735  Gals. 

116 

75  x  60" 

1 150  Gals. 

1000  Gals. 

117 

92  x  60" 

1700  Gals. 

1500  Gals. 

12 


Kaustine 

out,  coated  with  Hermastic  Enamel,  and 
made  under  Kaustine  supervision  according 
to  Kaustine  specifications,  this  tank  is  unique 
in  the  field  of  sewage  treatment.  The  pat¬ 
ented  interior  design  of  the  baffle,  whence  the 
tank  derives  its  name,  provides  for  a  flow’  of 
sewage  three  times  as  long  as  that  of  the 
ordinary  vertical  types  of  tanks.  The  design 
of  the  baffle  is  such  that  there  is  no  inter¬ 
ference  to  the  progress  of  the  sewage  from 
inlet  to  outlet.  This  provides  for  a  uniform 
flow  over  the  entire  cross  section,  the  elimina¬ 
tion  of  stagnant  areas,  and  the  more  even 
deposition  of  the  solid  matter  over  the  bot¬ 
tom  of  the  tank,  insuring  better  bacterial 
action  and  a  higher  degree  of  clarification. 

Numbers  112,  113,  and  114  are  made  of 
No.  12  gauge,  Numbers  115,  116,  and  117 
of  No.  10  gauge  Armco  Ingot  Iron.  The 
specifications  of  Super-Septic  Tanks  are 
tabulated  below'. 

SPECIFICATIONS 


Number  of  Persons  Designed  to  Accommodate 


Home 

Hotel 

Factory 

School 

7  Persons 

<S  Persons 

'  10  Persons 

12  Persons 

10  Persons 

12  Persons 

1  15  Persons 

20  Persons 

17  Persons 

20  Persons 

25  Persons 

32  Persons 

25  Persons 

30  Persons 

35  Persons 

50  Persons 

35  Persons 

50  Persons 

,  05  Persons 

SO  Persons 

50  Persons 

75  Persons 

1  100  Persons 

125  Persons 

13 


Kaustine 


Questions  and  Answers  on  the  In¬ 
stallation  of  Kaustine  Enameled 
Armco  Iron  Septic  Tanks 

1.  Ques.  How  shall  capacities  of  Kaustine  Septic  Tanks 
be  arrived  at? 

Ans.  For  single  house  installations,  30  gallons  daily 
per  capita  is  generally  accepted;  for  schools,  10  or  12 
gallons  daily  for  each  pupil;  for  institutions  and 
villages,  SO  gallons  daily  per  capita. 

2.  Ques.  Where  should  the  Kaustine  Septic  Tank  be 
placed? 

Ans.  It  may  be  placed  up  to  within  S  feet  of  the 
house.  Never  on  the  lowest  point  of  the  lot.  It  must 
be  so  situated  that  surface  and  rainwater  will  drain 
away  from  it. 

3.  Ques.  How  deep  should  a  Kaustine  Septic  Tank  be 
placed  underground? 

Ans.  For  most  climates  in  the  United  States,  a  depth 
of  12"  is  sufficient.  In  Northern  United  States  and 
Canada,  a  greater  depth  will  insure  better  bacterial 
action  during  the  winter,  if  this  depth  can  be  secured 
without  interfering  with  the  elevation  of  the  tile  bed. 

4.  Ques.  On  what  slope  should  sewer  from  house  to 
Kaustine  Septic  Tank  be  laid? 

Ans.  Wherever  practical,  a  minimum  slope  of  Y,"  to 
the  foot  should  be  maintained. 

5.  Ques.  What  is  the  effect  of  grease  on  the  Kaustine 
Septic  Tank  and  the  tile  lines? 

Ans.  Grease  in  a  Septic  Tank  retards  bacterial  ac¬ 
tion.  In  the  absorption  bed  it  clogs  the  pores  of  the 
earth.  Where  large  amounts  of  greasy  wastes  are  to 
be  disposed  of,  grease  separators  should  be  installed. 

6.  Ques.  What  is  the  proper  slope  of  the  pipe  from  the 
Kaustine  Septic  Tank  to  the  beginning  of  the  absorp¬ 
tion  bed? 

A^is.  The  line  from  the  Septic  Tank  should  be  laid 
on  a  3%  slope,  that  is,  equivalent  to  a  3-foot  vertical 
drop  in  every  100  feet  horizontal. 


14 


ICausltne 


7.  Ques.  On  what  grade  should  the  absorption  tile  be 
laid? 

Ans.  The  tile  lines  should  not  be  laid  on  a  grade 
steeper  than  6  inches  drop  in  100  feet  horizontal  and 
this  for  the  most  porous  soils  only.  In  the  heavier 
soils,  a  drop  of  2  inches  in  100  feet  is  better. 

8.  Ques.  What  shall  be  done  when  the  soil  is  of  clay  or 
some  other  equally  impervious  material? 

Ans.  Put  the  tile  lines  in  trenches  in  which  loose 
stone  or  gravel  has  been  placed. 

9.  Ques.  How  deep  should  the  absorption  tile  be  laid? 
Ans.  A  covering  of  12  inches  is  usually  sufficient, 
in  colder  climates,  such  as  northern  part  of  the 
United  States  and  Canada,  depth  ranging  anywhere 
from  12  inches  to  30  inches  may  be  used.  However, 
the  closer  the  absorption  tile  is  kept  to  the  surface 
of  the  ground  the  quicker  the  effluent  will  receive  its 
necessary  supply  of  oxygen. 


IS 


Raus  line 


Simple  Installation  Plans 


UJ 


This  type  of  installation  provides  the  best  distribu¬ 
tion  and  assures  proper  aeration  of  the  effluent.  Where 
soil  is  semi-porous,  the  leaching  pool  can  be  eliminated. 
If  soil  is  clay,  a  leaching  pool  the  size  of  the  tank  should 
be  provided. 


This  type  of  installation  should  be  used  only  where 
soil  is  porous;  will  readily  absorb  the  effluent,  and  where 
plenty  of  room  is  available. 


16 


Kaus  tine 


Plan  No.  12 

This  arrangement  should  be  used  where  the  sewage 
installation  is  on  a  hillside  or  where  the  ground  slopes 
steeply.  The  absorption  bed  is  laid  in  long  lines  as 
indicated,  practically  level  around  the  hill.  The  short 
lines  carry  the  effluent  from  the  one  level  to  the  next 
one  below. 


This  plan  may  be  used  with  either  porous  or  non- 
porous  soils.  In  porous  soils  the  leaching  pool  may  be 
eliminated;  in  non-porous  soils  same  leaching  pool  as 
recommended  in  Plan  10  should  be  used.  In  either  case 
a  vent  should  be  provided  as  indicated. 


17 


ICausitne 


Tile  Requirements^FoqHomes 

Very  Porous  and 

Sandy  Soil,  20  ft.  per 
person 

In  Ordinary  Porous 
Earth  Soil,  25  ft.  per 
person 

In  Semi-Porous 

Soil,  30  ft.  per  person 
In  Non-Porous 

Soil,  35  ft.  per  person 
In  non-porous  soils  in  addition  to  the  amount  of  tile 
indicated,  the  trenches  should  be  specially  prepared  as 
set  forth  in  Question  and  Answer  No.  8,  preceding. 


18 


Kausline 


Cross-Sectional  View 
of 

Kaustine  Armco  Ingot 
Iron  Septic  Tank 


THIS  view  shows  the  superior 
arrangement  of  the  Kaus¬ 
tine  baffle.  The  construction  uti¬ 
lizes  the  entire  capacity  of  the 
tank,  precluding  the  possibility 
of  any  unsettled  sewage  passing 
out;  a  condition  which  does  not 
exist  when  baffle  is  carried  to 
the  bottom  of  the  tank. 


Form  942 


me 


Company  Inc. 


PERRY,  N.  Y. 


